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    • Introductory concepts
      • What is Economics?
      • Relative Scarcity
      • Opportunity Cost
      • Production Possibility Curve
      • Efficiency
        • Allocative efficiency
        • Technical efficiency
        • Intertemporal efficiency
        • Dynamic efficiency
      • Basic Economic Questions
        • Markets Versus Planning
    • Market Mechanism
      • What is a market?
      • Demand for goods and services
      • Supply of goods and services
      • Equilibrium
        • Excess supply
        • Excess demand
      • Shifts of supply
      • Shifts of demand
      • Convergence to equilibrium
      • Factors influencing decision making
        • Consumer decisions
        • Producer decisions
        • Government decisions
        • Decisions of other groups
    • Elasticities
      • Price elasticity of demand
      • Price elasticity of supply
    • Market Structures
      • Perfect competition
      • Monopolistic competition
      • Oligopoly
      • Monopoly
        • Monopoly vs monopsony power
      • Market structure and efficiency
    • Market failures
      • merit goods
      • De-merit goods
      • Public goods
      • Externalities
        • Externalities in production
        • Externalities in consumption
      • Abuse of market power
      • Aysmmetric information
      • Common Access Resources
      • Government failure and unintended consequences
    • Macro Activity/ECO Growth
      • Macroeconomic activity
      • Aggregate demand and supply
        • AD and AS diagrams
      • Five sector model of economy
      • Measurement of economic activity
      • Non-market activity
      • The business cycle
      • Goal of strong and sustainable economic growth
        • Measuring economic growth
        • Economically sustainable development
        • Trade-off betwen economic growth and sustainability
        • Alternative measures of living standards
    • Goal of Low Inflation
      • Why inflation is bad
      • Why the RBA targets 2-3%
      • Measurement of inflation
        • Headline vs underlying
      • Deflation versus disinflation
      • Inflationary expectations
    • Goal of Full Employment
      • The Phillips Curve
      • Benefits vs costs of full employment
      • Measurement of unemployment
      • Hidden unemployment
      • Underemployment & underutilisation rate
      • Unemployment and participation rates
    • External Stability
      • Measurement – balance of payments
      • Why Australia trades with the world
      • Is the CAD a problem?
      • The exchange rate
      • International investment position
      • Free trade vs protection
        • Problems with protection
      • Terms of Trade
    • Income Distribution
      • The ‘equity goal’
      • Measurement of income distribution
        • Lorenz curve
        • Gini-coefficient
      • Absolute vs relative poverty
        • Henderson Poverty Line
      • Equity vs efficiency trade-off
      • Costs and benefits of inequality
    • Factors affecting the economy
      • Real disposable income
      • Interest rates
      • Taxation rates
      • Exchange rates
      • Consumer confidence
      • Business confidence
      • Growth overseas
      • Terms of Trade
      • Tariff rates
      • Productivity
      • Labour costs
      • Industrial disputation
      • Government regulations
      • Participation rates
      • Climatic or geopolitical events
    • Fiscal/Budgetary Policy
      • Goals of budgetary policy
      • Budget outcomes
        • Cash vs underlying outcomes
        • Fiscal outcome
      • Composition of revenue
      • Composition of expenditure
      • Financing a deficit
      • Dealing with a surplus
      • Actual vs estimated budget outcomes
      • Automatic vs discretionary stabilisers
      • Expansionary vs contractionary Budgets
      • Rationale for budget surpluses
      • Fiscal drag/bracket creep
      • Budgetary policy and economic goals
        • Medium term fiscal strategy
        • BP and economic growth
        • BP and low inflation
        • BP and full employment
        • BP and external stability
        • BP and the distribution of income
        • Budgetary policy and living standards
      • Budgetary policy strengths/weaknesses
    • Monetary Policy
      • Goals of monetary policy
        • RBA charter
        • Role of the underlying inflation
      • Implementing monetary policy
        • Monetary policy tightening
        • Monetary policy loosening
        • How other interest rates change
        • Pre-emptive decision making
        • ‘Open mouth operations’
        • Exchange rate intervention
      • Monetary policy stance
        • Expansionary monetary policy
        • Monetary policy neutrality
        • Restrictive monetary policy
      • The transmission mechanism
      • Monetary policy and economic goals
        • MP to achieve low inflation
        • MP to stimulate growth and jobs
      • Monetary policy strengths/weaknesses
    • Aggregate Supply Policies
      • Goals of aggregate supply policies
        • Productivity vs efficiency
        • Productivity and international competitiveness
      • The impetus for supply side policies
      • Budgetary policy supply side initiatives
      • Industry policy
      • Microeconomic reform policies
        • Labour Market Reform
          • The benefit of a flexible labour market
        • EMAs and section 457 visas
        • Trade Liberalisation
        • MRPs and internal stability
        • MRPs and external stability
        • MRPs and equity in the distribution of income
        • MRPs and living standards
      • Immigration policies
        • immigration policy & the three Ps
        • Immigration and labour markets
        • Immigration and Aggregate Supply
        • Immigration and the government’s economic goals
        • Immigration and living standards
      • Environmental policies
        • Emissions Trading Scheme
        • Carbon tax
        • ETS vs carbon tax
        • Direct action
    • The Policy Mix
      • Strong and sustainable growth
      • Low inflation
      • Full employment
      • External stability
      • Equity in the distribution of income
      • Living standards
  • Test your Self
    • Introductory concepts tests/activities
      • MC Introductory concepts
      • SA Introductory concepts
      • Miscellaneous
    • Market mechanism tests/activities
      • MC market mechanism
      • SA market mechanism 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Elasticities tests/activities
      • MC elasticities
      • SA elasticities
      • Miscellaneous
    • Market structures tests/activities
      • MC market structures
      • SA market structures
      • Miscellaneous
    • Market failure tests/activities
      • MC market failures
      • SA market failures 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Macro activity/eco growth tests/activities
      • MC macro activity/eco growth
      • SA macro activity/eco growth1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Low inflation tests/activities
      • MC low inflation
      • SA low inflation1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Full employment tests/activities
      • MC full employment
      • SA full employment1
      • Miscellaneous
    • External stability tests/activities
      • MC external stability
      • SA external stability1
    • Equity in income distribution tests/activities
      • MC equity in distribution of income
      • SA equity in distribution of income1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Factors affecting the economy
    • Fiscal/budgetary policy tests/activities
      • MC fiscal/budgetary policy
      • SA fiscal/budgetary policy 1
      • Fiscal/budgetary policy: Miscellaneous
    • Monetary policy tests/activities
      • MC monetary policy
      • SA monetary policy 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Aggregate suply policies tests/activities
      • MC Aggregate supply policies
      • SA Aggregate supply policies 1
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 2
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 3
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 4
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 5
      • Miscellaneous
    • Policy mix tests/activities
      • MC Policy mix
      • SA Policy mix
      • Miscellaneous
    • Course revision tests/activities
      • MC course revision
      • SA course revision 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • contemporary activities
      • contemporaryactivities2020
      • contemporaryactivities2019
      • contempactivities2018
      • Contemporary activities 2017
      • Contemporary Activities 2016 B
      • Contemporaryactivities2015a
      • contemporary activities2015b
  • Miscellaneous
    • Tutorials/Programs
    • Videos
      • Misc videos
      • Misc videos
      • The Checkout miscellaneous
        • The Checkout season 2
      • The Corporation
      • EconPop
      • Freakonomics
    • Diagrams used in activities
      • PPC1
      • PPC2
      • PPC3
    • Google community eco teachers

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© Copyright 2020 Economicstutor 

  • Home
  • About us
  • How to use site
  • Course Notes
    ▼
    • Introductory concepts
      ▼
      • What is Economics?
      • Relative Scarcity
      • Opportunity Cost
      • Production Possibility Curve
      • Efficiency
        ▼
        • Allocative efficiency
        • Technical efficiency
        • Intertemporal efficiency
        • Dynamic efficiency
      • Basic Economic Questions
        ▼
        • Markets Versus Planning
    • Market Mechanism
      ▼
      • What is a market?
      • Demand for goods and services
      • Supply of goods and services
      • Equilibrium
        ▼
        • Excess supply
        • Excess demand
      • Shifts of supply
      • Shifts of demand
      • Convergence to equilibrium
      • Factors influencing decision making
        ▼
        • Consumer decisions
        • Producer decisions
        • Government decisions
        • Decisions of other groups
    • Elasticities
      ▼
      • Price elasticity of demand
      • Price elasticity of supply
    • Market Structures
      ▼
      • Perfect competition
      • Monopolistic competition
      • Oligopoly
      • Monopoly
        ▼
        • Monopoly vs monopsony power
      • Market structure and efficiency
    • Market failures
      ▼
      • merit goods
      • De-merit goods
      • Public goods
      • Externalities
        ▼
        • Externalities in production
        • Externalities in consumption
      • Abuse of market power
      • Aysmmetric information
      • Common Access Resources
      • Government failure and unintended consequences
    • Macro Activity/ECO Growth
      ▼
      • Macroeconomic activity
      • Aggregate demand and supply
        ▼
        • AD and AS diagrams
      • Five sector model of economy
      • Measurement of economic activity
      • Non-market activity
      • The business cycle
      • Goal of strong and sustainable economic growth
        ▼
        • Measuring economic growth
        • Economically sustainable development
        • Trade-off betwen economic growth and sustainability
        • Alternative measures of living standards
    • Goal of Low Inflation
      ▼
      • Why inflation is bad
      • Why the RBA targets 2-3%
      • Measurement of inflation
        ▼
        • Headline vs underlying
      • Deflation versus disinflation
      • Inflationary expectations
    • Goal of Full Employment
      ▼
      • The Phillips Curve
      • Benefits vs costs of full employment
      • Measurement of unemployment
      • Hidden unemployment
      • Underemployment & underutilisation rate
      • Unemployment and participation rates
    • External Stability
      ▼
      • Measurement – balance of payments
      • Why Australia trades with the world
      • Is the CAD a problem?
      • The exchange rate
      • International investment position
      • Free trade vs protection
        ▼
        • Problems with protection
      • Terms of Trade
    • Income Distribution
      ▼
      • The ‘equity goal’
      • Measurement of income distribution
        ▼
        • Lorenz curve
        • Gini-coefficient
      • Absolute vs relative poverty
        ▼
        • Henderson Poverty Line
      • Equity vs efficiency trade-off
      • Costs and benefits of inequality
    • Factors affecting the economy
      ▼
      • Real disposable income
      • Interest rates
      • Taxation rates
      • Exchange rates
      • Consumer confidence
      • Business confidence
      • Growth overseas
      • Terms of Trade
      • Tariff rates
      • Productivity
      • Labour costs
      • Industrial disputation
      • Government regulations
      • Participation rates
      • Climatic or geopolitical events
    • Fiscal/Budgetary Policy
      ▼
      • Goals of budgetary policy
      • Budget outcomes
        ▼
        • Cash vs underlying outcomes
        • Fiscal outcome
      • Composition of revenue
      • Composition of expenditure
      • Financing a deficit
      • Dealing with a surplus
      • Actual vs estimated budget outcomes
      • Automatic vs discretionary stabilisers
      • Expansionary vs contractionary Budgets
      • Rationale for budget surpluses
      • Fiscal drag/bracket creep
      • Budgetary policy and economic goals
        ▼
        • Medium term fiscal strategy
        • BP and economic growth
        • BP and low inflation
        • BP and full employment
        • BP and external stability
        • BP and the distribution of income
        • Budgetary policy and living standards
      • Budgetary policy strengths/weaknesses
    • Monetary Policy
      ▼
      • Goals of monetary policy
        ▼
        • RBA charter
        • Role of the underlying inflation
      • Implementing monetary policy
        ▼
        • Monetary policy tightening
        • Monetary policy loosening
        • How other interest rates change
        • Pre-emptive decision making
        • ‘Open mouth operations’
        • Exchange rate intervention
      • Monetary policy stance
        ▼
        • Expansionary monetary policy
        • Monetary policy neutrality
        • Restrictive monetary policy
      • The transmission mechanism
      • Monetary policy and economic goals
        ▼
        • MP to achieve low inflation
        • MP to stimulate growth and jobs
      • Monetary policy strengths/weaknesses
    • Aggregate Supply Policies
      ▼
      • Goals of aggregate supply policies
        ▼
        • Productivity vs efficiency
        • Productivity and international competitiveness
      • The impetus for supply side policies
      • Budgetary policy supply side initiatives
      • Industry policy
      • Microeconomic reform policies
        ▼
        • Labour Market Reform
          ▼
          • The benefit of a flexible labour market
        • EMAs and section 457 visas
        • Trade Liberalisation
        • MRPs and internal stability
        • MRPs and external stability
        • MRPs and equity in the distribution of income
        • MRPs and living standards
      • Immigration policies
        ▼
        • immigration policy & the three Ps
        • Immigration and labour markets
        • Immigration and Aggregate Supply
        • Immigration and the government’s economic goals
        • Immigration and living standards
      • Environmental policies
        ▼
        • Emissions Trading Scheme
        • Carbon tax
        • ETS vs carbon tax
        • Direct action
    • The Policy Mix
      ▼
      • Strong and sustainable growth
      • Low inflation
      • Full employment
      • External stability
      • Equity in the distribution of income
      • Living standards
  • Test your Self
    ▼
    • Introductory concepts tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC Introductory concepts
      • SA Introductory concepts
      • Miscellaneous
    • Market mechanism tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC market mechanism
      • SA market mechanism 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Elasticities tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC elasticities
      • SA elasticities
      • Miscellaneous
    • Market structures tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC market structures
      • SA market structures
      • Miscellaneous
    • Market failure tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC market failures
      • SA market failures 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Macro activity/eco growth tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC macro activity/eco growth
      • SA macro activity/eco growth1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Low inflation tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC low inflation
      • SA low inflation1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Full employment tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC full employment
      • SA full employment1
      • Miscellaneous
    • External stability tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC external stability
      • SA external stability1
    • Equity in income distribution tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC equity in distribution of income
      • SA equity in distribution of income1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Factors affecting the economy
    • Fiscal/budgetary policy tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC fiscal/budgetary policy
      • SA fiscal/budgetary policy 1
      • Fiscal/budgetary policy: Miscellaneous
    • Monetary policy tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC monetary policy
      • SA monetary policy 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • Aggregate suply policies tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC Aggregate supply policies
      • SA Aggregate supply policies 1
        ▼
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 2
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 3
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 4
        • SA Aggregate supply policies 5
      • Miscellaneous
    • Policy mix tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC Policy mix
      • SA Policy mix
      • Miscellaneous
    • Course revision tests/activities
      ▼
      • MC course revision
      • SA course revision 1
      • Miscellaneous
    • contemporary activities
      ▼
      • contemporaryactivities2020
      • contemporaryactivities2019
      • contempactivities2018
      • Contemporary activities 2017
      • Contemporary Activities 2016 B
      • Contemporaryactivities2015a
      • contemporary activities2015b
  • Miscellaneous
    ▼
    • Tutorials/Programs
    • Videos
      ▼
      • Misc videos
      • Misc videos
      • The Checkout miscellaneous
        ▼
        • The Checkout season 2
      • The Corporation
      • EconPop
      • Freakonomics
    • Diagrams used in activities
      ▼
      • PPC1
      • PPC2
      • PPC3
    • Google community eco teachers